Data Structures & Algorithms Roadmap

A comprehensive roadmap that teaches DSA from first principles. Every concept is learned by understanding the theory, implementing it from scratch, comparing Python and Go implementations, and solving carefully selected NeetCode problems. Instead of memorizing solutions, you'll learn to recognize patterns and build deep intuition.

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19phases
20topics
0posts linked
1

Phase 0 — Language Foundations

Learn the Python and Go language features needed specifically for solving Data Structures and Algorithms problems.

Python for DSA

Beginner

Master the Python features, standard library modules, and language idioms used in algorithmic problem solving.

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Go for DSA

Beginner

Learn Go's slices, maps, structs, pointers, standard library, and language features required for implementing algorithms efficiently.

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Phase 2 →
2

Phase 1 — Complexity Analysis

Learn to analyze the efficiency of algorithms before writing code.

Time & Space Complexity

Beginner

Big-O, Big-Theta, Big-Omega, amortized analysis, recursion depth, and practical performance considerations.

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Phase 3 →
3

Phase 2 — Arrays

The foundation of almost every interview problem.

Arrays

Beginner

Dynamic arrays, memory layout, prefix sums, suffix sums, hashing, two pointers, and sliding window.

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Phase 4 →
4

Phase 3 — Strings

Learn string algorithms, Unicode, UTF-8, and common interview patterns.

Strings

Beginner

String manipulation, pattern matching, hashing, encoding, and efficient string algorithms.

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Phase 5 →
5

Phase 4 — Hash Tables

One of the most important data structures in modern programming.

Hash Tables

Intermediate

Hash functions, collisions, chaining, probing, resizing, Python dictionaries, and Go maps.

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Phase 6 →
6

Phase 5 — Linked Lists

Understanding pointers, references, and efficient node manipulation.

Linked Lists

Intermediate

Singly, doubly, circular lists, reversal, cycle detection, merging, and fast/slow pointer techniques.

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Phase 7 →
7

Phase 6 — Stack

LIFO data structures and the problems they solve elegantly.

Stacks

Intermediate

Monotonic stacks, expression evaluation, recursion, DFS, and stack-based interview patterns.

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Phase 8 →
8

Phase 7 — Queue

FIFO structures, deques, and breadth-first algorithms.

Queues

Intermediate

Queues, circular queues, deques, priority queues, and BFS applications.

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Phase 9 →
9

Phase 8 — Binary Search

Much more than searching sorted arrays.

Binary Search

Intermediate

Binary search templates, searching on answers, predicates, rotated arrays, and optimization problems.

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Phase 10 →
10

Phase 9 — Trees

Recursive thinking and hierarchical data structures.

Trees

Intermediate

Binary trees, BSTs, traversals, tries, heaps, segment trees, Fenwick trees, and balanced trees.

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Phase 11 →
11

Phase 10 — Heaps

Priority queues and efficient top-k processing.

Heaps

Intermediate

Min heaps, max heaps, heap construction, scheduling problems, and top-k algorithms.

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Phase 12 →
12

Phase 11 — Graphs

Representing relationships and traversing complex structures.

Graphs

Advanced

DFS, BFS, shortest paths, topological sorting, MSTs, Union-Find, and graph algorithms.

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Phase 13 →
13

Phase 12 — Recursion

Master recursive thinking before Dynamic Programming.

Recursion & Backtracking

Intermediate

Recursion trees, decision trees, backtracking, memoization foundations, and recursion internals.

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Phase 14 →
14

Phase 13 — Dynamic Programming

Build intuition for solving optimization problems using overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure.

Dynamic Programming

Advanced

Memoization, tabulation, 1D DP, 2D DP, LIS, LCS, Knapsack, Tree DP, Bitmask DP, and problem-solving intuition.

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Phase 15 →
15

Phase 14 — Greedy Algorithms

When making the locally optimal choice leads to a globally optimal solution.

Greedy Algorithms

Advanced

Greedy strategy, interval scheduling, Huffman coding, activity selection, jump game, and exchange arguments.

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Phase 16 →
16

Phase 15 — Bit Manipulation

Understand binary representations and solve problems elegantly using bitwise operations.

Bit Manipulation

Advanced

Binary numbers, bit masks, shifts, XOR tricks, subset generation, and low-level optimization.

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Phase 17 →
17

Phase 16 — Advanced Data Structures

Specialized data structures used in advanced algorithmic problems.

Advanced Data Structures

Advanced

Union-Find, Bloom Filters, Skip Lists, Suffix Arrays, Suffix Trees, Rolling Hashes, and Persistent Data Structures.

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Phase 18 →
18

Phase 17 — Interview Patterns

Recognize problem-solving patterns instead of memorizing individual solutions.

Coding Interview Patterns

Advanced

Two pointers, sliding window, fast & slow pointers, merge intervals, DFS, BFS, binary search, heaps, backtracking, and dynamic programming patterns.

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Phase 19 →
19

Phase 18 — NeetCode 150

A complete revision and mastery phase where every NeetCode 150 problem is solved independently and reviewed.

NeetCode 150

Advanced

Solve the complete NeetCode 150 independently, revisit patterns, optimize solutions, and prepare for coding interviews.

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End of roadmap

You've covered all 20 topics in the Data Structures & Algorithms roadmap.